diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 8db034bd..17e99a5e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ All notable changes to `mcp/sdk` will be documented in this file.
 * [BC Break] `ResourceDefinition::__construct()` signature changed — `$title` parameter added between `$name` and `$description`. Callers using positional arguments must switch to named arguments.
 * [BC Break] `ResourceTemplate::__construct()` signature changed — `$title` parameter added between `$name` and `$description`. Callers using positional arguments must switch to named arguments.
 * [BC Break] `McpResource` and `McpResourceTemplate` attribute signatures changed — `$title` parameter added between `$name` and `$description`. Callers using positional arguments must switch to named arguments.
+* Fix JSON-RPC error responses fabricating an empty-string `id`. Unrecoverable parse errors (`-32700`) now return `id: null` per JSON-RPC 2.0, and invalid-but-parseable requests (`-32600`) preserve the original request `id`. `Error::$id` / `Error::getId()` and the `$id` parameter of `Error::forParseError()` / `Error::forInvalidRequest()` are widened to `string|int|null`; `InvalidInputMessageException` now carries the recoverable request id via `getRequestId()`/`setRequestId()`.
 
 0.5.0
 -----
diff --git a/src/Exception/InvalidInputMessageException.php b/src/Exception/InvalidInputMessageException.php
index 4ab485a9..0f961224 100644
--- a/src/Exception/InvalidInputMessageException.php
+++ b/src/Exception/InvalidInputMessageException.php
@@ -16,4 +16,17 @@
  */
 class InvalidInputMessageException extends \InvalidArgumentException implements ExceptionInterface
 {
+    private string|int|null $requestId = null;
+
+    public function getRequestId(): string|int|null
+    {
+        return $this->requestId;
+    }
+
+    public function setRequestId(string|int|null $requestId): self
+    {
+        $this->requestId = $requestId;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/JsonRpc/MessageFactory.php b/src/JsonRpc/MessageFactory.php
index 1bb82db8..1fdb9d14 100644
--- a/src/JsonRpc/MessageFactory.php
+++ b/src/JsonRpc/MessageFactory.php
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ public function create(string $input): array
             try {
                 $messages[] = $this->createMessage($message);
             } catch (InvalidInputMessageException $e) {
+                if (\is_array($message) && isset($message['id']) && (\is_string($message['id']) || \is_int($message['id']))) {
+                    $e->setRequestId($message['id']);
+                }
                 $messages[] = $e;
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/Schema/JsonRpc/Error.php b/src/Schema/JsonRpc/Error.php
index 532e406d..4bb71290 100644
--- a/src/Schema/JsonRpc/Error.php
+++ b/src/Schema/JsonRpc/Error.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Error implements MessageInterface
      * @param mixed|null $data    additional information about the error
      */
     public function __construct(
-        public readonly string|int $id,
+        public readonly string|int|null $id,
         public readonly int $code,
         public readonly string $message,
         public readonly mixed $data = null,
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ final public static function fromArray(array $data): self
         return new self($data['id'], $data['error']['code'], $data['error']['message'], $data['error']['data'] ?? null);
     }
 
-    final public static function forParseError(string $message, string|int $id = ''): self
+    final public static function forParseError(string $message, string|int|null $id = null): self
     {
         return new self($id, self::PARSE_ERROR, $message);
     }
 
-    final public static function forInvalidRequest(string $message, string|int $id = ''): self
+    final public static function forInvalidRequest(string $message, string|int|null $id = null): self
     {
         return new self($id, self::INVALID_REQUEST, $message);
     }
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ final public static function forResourceNotFound(string $message, string|int $id
         return new self($id, self::RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND, $message);
     }
 
-    public function getId(): string|int
+    public function getId(): string|int|null
     {
         return $this->id;
     }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ public function getId(): string|int
     /**
      * @return array{
      *     jsonrpc: string,
-     *     id: string|int,
+     *     id: string|int|null,
      *     error: array{
      *         code: int,
      *         message: string,
diff --git a/src/Server/Protocol.php b/src/Server/Protocol.php
index d9af4e4c..9d9f1655 100644
--- a/src/Server/Protocol.php
+++ b/src/Server/Protocol.php
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ private function handleInvalidMessage(TransportInterface $transport, InvalidInpu
     {
         $this->logger->warning('Failed to create message.', ['exception' => $exception]);
 
-        $error = Error::forInvalidRequest($exception->getMessage());
+        $error = Error::forInvalidRequest($exception->getMessage(), $exception->getRequestId());
         $this->sendResponse($transport, $error, $session);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Server/ProtocolTest.php b/tests/Unit/Server/ProtocolTest.php
index f1d1c834..a3d615bf 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Server/ProtocolTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Server/ProtocolTest.php
@@ -297,6 +297,45 @@ public function testInvalidJsonReturnsParseError(): void
         );
     }
 
+    #[TestDox('Unrecoverable parse error does not fabricate an empty-string id')]
+    public function testParseErrorDoesNotFabricateEmptyStringId(): void
+    {
+        $sentPayload = null;
+        $this->transport->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('send')
+            ->willReturnCallback(static function ($data) use (&$sentPayload) {
+                $sentPayload = $data;
+            });
+
+        $protocol = new Protocol(
+            requestHandlers: [],
+            notificationHandlers: [],
+            messageFactory: MessageFactory::make(),
+            sessionManager: $this->sessionManager,
+        );
+
+        // Well-formed JSON nested past PHP's json_decode() depth limit (512), mirroring
+        // issue #333: json_decode() throws "Maximum stack depth exceeded" so the request
+        // carries a real numeric id (900512) that cannot be recovered once decoding fails.
+        $deeplyNested = str_repeat('[', 600).str_repeat(']', 600);
+        $input = '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":900512,"method":"initialize","params":'.$deeplyNested.'}';
+
+        $protocol->processInput($this->transport, $input, null);
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($sentPayload);
+        $decoded = json_decode($sentPayload, true);
+        $this->assertSame(Error::PARSE_ERROR, $decoded['error']['code']);
+        // The original id is genuinely unrecoverable after a parse failure: the response
+        // must be null or omit the id, never a fabricated empty string.
+        $this->assertNotSame('', $decoded['id'] ?? null, 'Parse error must not fabricate an empty-string id');
+        // isset() is false for both an absent key and a null value, so this asserts the id is
+        // null or omitted (never a fabricated empty string).
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            isset($decoded['id']),
+            'Unrecoverable parse error id should be null or omitted',
+        );
+    }
+
     #[TestDox('Invalid message structure returns error')]
     public function testInvalidMessageStructureReturnsError(): void
     {
@@ -349,6 +388,55 @@ public function testInvalidMessageStructureReturnsError(): void
         $this->assertEquals(Error::INVALID_REQUEST, $message['error']['code']);
     }
 
+    #[TestDox('Invalid but parseable message preserves its recoverable id')]
+    public function testInvalidMessagePreservesRecoverableId(): void
+    {
+        $session = $this->createMock(SessionInterface::class);
+
+        $this->sessionManager->method('createWithId')->willReturn($session);
+        $this->sessionManager->method('exists')->willReturn(true);
+
+        // Configure session mock for queue operations (mirrors testInvalidMessageStructureReturnsError).
+        $queue = [];
+        $session->method('get')->willReturnCallback(static function ($key, $default = null) use (&$queue) {
+            if ('_mcp.outgoing_queue' === $key) {
+                return $queue;
+            }
+
+            return $default;
+        });
+
+        $session->method('set')->willReturnCallback(static function ($key, $value) use (&$queue) {
+            if ('_mcp.outgoing_queue' === $key) {
+                $queue = $value;
+            }
+        });
+
+        $protocol = new Protocol(
+            requestHandlers: [],
+            notificationHandlers: [],
+            messageFactory: MessageFactory::make(),
+            sessionManager: $this->sessionManager,
+        );
+
+        $sessionId = Uuid::v4();
+        // Valid JSON carrying a real numeric id but missing method/result/error: the message
+        // is structurally invalid, yet its id (42) IS recoverable from the decoded payload.
+        $protocol->processInput(
+            $this->transport,
+            '{"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 42, "params": {}}',
+            $sessionId
+        );
+
+        $outgoing = $protocol->consumeOutgoingMessages($sessionId);
+        $this->assertCount(1, $outgoing);
+
+        $message = json_decode($outgoing[0]['message'], true);
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('error', $message);
+        $this->assertEquals(Error::INVALID_REQUEST, $message['error']['code']);
+        $this->assertSame(42, $message['id'], 'Invalid-but-parseable message must preserve its recoverable id, not return ""');
+    }
+
     #[TestDox('Request without handler returns method not found error')]
     public function testRequestWithoutHandlerReturnsMethodNotFoundError(): void
     {