diff --git a/.changeset/bright-dots-notify.md b/.changeset/bright-dots-notify.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20d6f3a2ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/bright-dots-notify.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@primer/react': minor
+---
+
+Button: Add configurable notification indicators to Button and IconButton
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Button/Button.features.stories.tsx b/packages/react/src/Button/Button.features.stories.tsx
index 0b7d3da149b..161029a4a88 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Button/Button.features.stories.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Button/Button.features.stories.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
-import {EyeIcon, TriangleDownIcon, HeartIcon, DownloadIcon, CommentIcon} from '@primer/octicons-react'
+import {
+  EyeIcon,
+  TriangleDownIcon,
+  HeartIcon,
+  DownloadIcon,
+  CommentIcon,
+  GearIcon,
+  InboxIcon,
+  KebabHorizontalIcon,
+} from '@primer/octicons-react'
 import {useState} from 'react'
-import {Button} from '.'
+import {Button, IconButton} from '.'
 import {Stack} from '../Stack/Stack'
 import {announce} from '@primer/live-region-element'
 import {Tooltip} from '../TooltipV2/Tooltip'
@@ -23,6 +32,36 @@ export const LeadingVisual = () => <Button leadingVisual={HeartIcon}>Leading vis
 
 export const TrailingVisual = () => <Button trailingVisual={EyeIcon}>Trailing visual</Button>
 
+export const NotificationIndicator = () => (
+  <Stack gap="spacious">
+    <Stack gap="condensed">
+      <div>
+        <strong>Indicator on button boundary</strong>
+        <div>Use when the notification applies to the whole control.</div>
+      </div>
+      <Stack direction="horizontal" gap="normal">
+        <IconButton icon={InboxIcon} aria-label="Inbox (new activity)" notificationIndicator="button" />
+      </Stack>
+    </Stack>
+    <Stack gap="condensed">
+      <div>
+        <strong>Indicator on icon or leading visual</strong>
+        <div>Use the leading visual for Button and the icon for IconButton.</div>
+      </div>
+      <Stack direction="horizontal" gap="normal">
+        <Button
+          leadingVisual={GearIcon}
+          aria-label="Saved view menu (update available)"
+          notificationIndicator="leadingVisual"
+        >
+          View
+        </Button>
+        <IconButton icon={KebabHorizontalIcon} aria-label="More options (new activity)" notificationIndicator="icon" />
+      </Stack>
+    </Stack>
+  </Stack>
+)
+
 const AccessibilityNote = () => {
   {
     return (
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.module.css b/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.module.css
index b9c26348a66..dc9705170cb 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.module.css
+++ b/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.module.css
@@ -41,6 +41,44 @@
     transition: none;
   }
 
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='button'], [data-notification-indicator='icon'].IconButton) {
+    position: relative;
+  }
+
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='leadingVisual']) .LeadingVisual {
+    position: relative;
+  }
+
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='button'])::before,
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='icon'].IconButton)::before,
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='leadingVisual']) .LeadingVisual::before {
+    position: absolute;
+    display: block;
+    width: var(--base-size-8);
+    height: var(--base-size-8);
+    content: '';
+    /* stylelint-disable-next-line primer/colors */
+    background-color: var(--fgColor-accent);
+    border-radius: var(--borderRadius-full);
+    /* stylelint-disable-next-line primer/box-shadow */
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 calc(var(--base-size-4) / 2) var(--bgColor-inset);
+  }
+
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='button'])::before {
+    top: calc(var(--base-size-4) / -2);
+    right: calc(var(--base-size-4) / -2);
+  }
+
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='icon'].IconButton)::before {
+    top: calc(50% - var(--base-size-12));
+    right: calc(50% - var(--base-size-12));
+  }
+
+  &:where([data-notification-indicator='leadingVisual']) .LeadingVisual::before {
+    top: calc(var(--base-size-4) * -1);
+    right: calc(var(--base-size-4) * -1);
+  }
+
   &:disabled,
   &[aria-disabled='true']:not([data-loading='true']) {
     cursor: not-allowed;
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.tsx b/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.tsx
index 19357e9ae43..055d5771f56 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Button/ButtonBase.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import React, {forwardRef, type JSX} from 'react'
 import type {ForwardRefComponent as PolymorphicForwardRefComponent} from '../utils/polymorphic'
-import type {ButtonProps} from './types'
+import type {ButtonProps, NotificationIndicatorPlacement} from './types'
 import {useMergedRefs} from '../hooks/useMergedRefs'
 import {VisuallyHidden} from '../VisuallyHidden'
 import Spinner from '../Spinner'
@@ -21,12 +21,20 @@ const renderModuleVisual = (
 ) => (
   <span
     data-component={visualName}
-    className={clsx(!counterLabel && classes.Visual, loading ? classes.LoadingSpinner : classes.VisualWrap)}
+    className={clsx(
+      !counterLabel && classes.Visual,
+      visualName === 'leadingVisual' && classes.LeadingVisual,
+      loading ? classes.LoadingSpinner : classes.VisualWrap,
+    )}
   >
     {loading ? <Spinner size="small" /> : isElement(Visual) ? Visual : <Visual />}
   </span>
 )
 
+type ButtonBaseComponentProps = Omit<ButtonProps, 'notificationIndicator'> & {
+  notificationIndicator?: NotificationIndicatorPlacement
+}
+
 const ButtonBase = forwardRef(({children, as: Component = 'button', ...props}, forwardedRef): JSX.Element => {
   const {
     leadingVisual: LeadingVisual,
@@ -46,6 +54,7 @@ const ButtonBase = forwardRef(({children, as: Component = 'button', ...props}, f
     inactive,
     onClick,
     labelWrap,
+    notificationIndicator,
     className,
     ...rest
   } = props
@@ -60,6 +69,11 @@ const ButtonBase = forwardRef(({children, as: Component = 'button', ...props}, f
   const ariaDescribedByIds = loading ? [loadingAnnouncementID, ariaDescribedBy] : [ariaDescribedBy]
 
   if (__DEV__) {
+    if (notificationIndicator === 'leadingVisual' && !LeadingVisual) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+      console.warn('Button: `notificationIndicator="leadingVisual"` requires a `leadingVisual` prop.')
+    }
+
     // Validate that the element is a semantic button/anchor.
     // This runs during render (not in an effect) to avoid a conditional hook call
     // that prevents React Compiler from optimizing this component.
@@ -98,6 +112,7 @@ const ButtonBase = forwardRef(({children, as: Component = 'button', ...props}, f
         data-size={size}
         data-variant={variant}
         data-label-wrap={labelWrap}
+        data-notification-indicator={notificationIndicator}
         data-has-count={count !== undefined ? true : undefined}
         data-icon-only-counter={count !== undefined && LeadingVisual && !children ? true : undefined}
         aria-describedby={ariaDescribedByIds.filter(descriptionID => Boolean(descriptionID)).join(' ') || undefined}
@@ -184,6 +199,6 @@ const ButtonBase = forwardRef(({children, as: Component = 'button', ...props}, f
       )}
     </ConditionalWrapper>
   )
-}) as PolymorphicForwardRefComponent<'button' | 'a', ButtonProps>
+}) as PolymorphicForwardRefComponent<'button' | 'a', ButtonBaseComponentProps>
 
 export {ButtonBase}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Button/__tests__/Button.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/Button/__tests__/Button.test.tsx
index f2c11962df8..0233900bc05 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Button/__tests__/Button.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Button/__tests__/Button.test.tsx
@@ -57,6 +57,38 @@ describe('Button', () => {
     expect(button).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
+  it('displays a notification indicator on the button boundary', () => {
+    const {getByRole} = render(<Button notificationIndicator="button">Notifications</Button>)
+    expect(getByRole('button')).toHaveAttribute('data-notification-indicator', 'button')
+  })
+
+  it('displays a notification indicator on the leading visual', () => {
+    const {getByRole} = render(
+      <Button leadingVisual={HeartIcon} notificationIndicator="leadingVisual">
+        Favorite
+      </Button>,
+    )
+    expect(getByRole('button')).toHaveAttribute('data-notification-indicator', 'leadingVisual')
+  })
+
+  it('displays a notification indicator on an icon button icon', () => {
+    const {getByRole} = render(
+      <IconButton icon={HeartIcon} aria-label="Favorite (new activity)" notificationIndicator="icon" />,
+    )
+    expect(getByRole('button')).toHaveAttribute('data-notification-indicator', 'icon')
+  })
+
+  it('warns when a leading visual notification indicator has no leading visual', () => {
+    const consoleSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {})
+
+    render(<Button notificationIndicator="leadingVisual">Favorite</Button>)
+
+    expect(consoleSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Button: `notificationIndicator="leadingVisual"` requires a `leadingVisual` prop.',
+    )
+    consoleSpy.mockRestore()
+  })
+
   it('respects the "disabled" prop', () => {
     const onClick = vi.fn()
     const container = render(
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Button/types.ts b/packages/react/src/Button/types.ts
index acdd7190527..660fa3a5352 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Button/types.ts
+++ b/packages/react/src/Button/types.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ export type Size = 'small' | 'medium' | 'large'
 
 export type AlignContent = 'start' | 'center'
 
+export type NotificationIndicatorPlacement = 'button' | 'leadingVisual' | 'icon'
+
+type ButtonNotificationIndicatorPlacement = Exclude<NotificationIndicatorPlacement, 'icon'>
+type IconButtonNotificationIndicatorPlacement = Exclude<NotificationIndicatorPlacement, 'leadingVisual'>
+
 type ButtonA11yProps =
   | {'aria-label': string; 'aria-labelledby'?: undefined}
   | {'aria-label'?: undefined; 'aria-labelledby': string}
@@ -82,10 +87,22 @@ export type ButtonProps = {
   children?: React.ReactNode
 
   count?: number | string
+
+  /**
+   * Displays a visual indicator for new activity on the button boundary or leading visual.
+   * The `leadingVisual` placement requires the `leadingVisual` prop. Consumers are responsible
+   * for communicating the indicator's meaning through an accessible label or description.
+   */
+  notificationIndicator?: ButtonNotificationIndicatorPlacement
 } & ButtonBaseProps
 
 export type IconButtonProps = ButtonA11yProps & {
   icon: React.ElementType
+  /**
+   * Displays a visual indicator for new activity on the button boundary or icon. Consumers are
+   * responsible for communicating the indicator's meaning through an accessible label or description.
+   */
+  notificationIndicator?: IconButtonNotificationIndicatorPlacement
   unsafeDisableTooltip?: boolean
   description?: string
   tooltipDirection?: TooltipDirection