A C++17 Data-Oriented game engine built from scratch, referencing the architecture of Unreal Engine.
Implements core commercial-engine structures: Runtime Reflection, Garbage Collection, ECS, MeshBatch instancing, PrimitiveProxy, RenderGraph, and RHI.
Every layer is directly controlled — custom containers, purpose-built allocators, and a multi-threaded worker pipeline.
| Document | Contents |
|---|---|
| Architecture Overview | Module dependencies, project structure, design philosophy |
| World / ECS | Entity, Component, Node, System, Scene, Commander |
| Renderer / Lighting | RenderPass, GBuffer, Phong lighting, Point/Directional light |
| RHI | RHISystem, CommandList, FrameExecutor, GLSystem |
| Asset Pipeline | Async 3-stage parse → load → upload pipeline |
| Threading & Sequences | Worker threads, FrameGate, frame/asset sequences |
Milestone: Spot Light — Angular & Distance Attenuation
Spot Light implemented with cosine-weighted angular falloff between innerAngle and outerAngle (linear blend via epsilon factor).
Distance attenuation via falloff² / (dist² + 1) (shared with Point Light).
Angular cutoff calculated in fragment shader: smoothstep(outerCos, innerCos, dot(rayDir, direction)).
Fixed angular conversion: cos(radians(angle)) instead of erroneous 2π * angle / 180.
[26-06-02] Spot Light — Multiple lights with proper angle blending
Milestone: Phong Lighting — Directional & Point Light with GBuffer Phong
Replaced PBR with Phong shading (diffuse NdotL + specular RdotV + emissive).
GBuffer extended with tGPhong (R16G16B16A16_UInt): specular packed in lower 8 bits, emissive in upper 8 bits per channel, shininess in alpha.
Point light implements smooth distance attenuation with two-sided lighting via incidentDir correction.
GLSystem extended with UInt pixel format support (eR8_UInt ~ eR32G32B32A32_UInt).
Known Issue: Point Light incident direction artifact when light penetrates geometry.
[26-05-28] Point Light — Phong shading with attenuation
Milestone: Hash Storm Fix — 1,000,000 Instance Dirty Tracking Optimization (×4.2 Throughput)
Per-instance OnUpdate() dirty-tracking storm eliminated. 2,000,000 hash operations per frame (World: 15.37%, RenderScene: 20.30%) collapsed to 1 call via dirty-state guard.
Result: 1,000,000 instances at ~22 FPS (Release) (prev: 5.4 FPS).
[26-05-24] Hash Storm Fix — 1,000,000 Cube in release mode
Milestone: TransformPass — GPU Compute TRS (×10 Throughput) TRS matrix computation (position/rotation/scale → mat4) moved from CPU (GLM scalar) to GPU via Compute Shader (TransformPass, local_size_x = 64).
The render pipeline is now TransformPass → GeometryPass → LightingPass. Result: 100,000 instances at ~20 FPS (Release), 500,000 instances at ~10 FPS (Release). Previous baseline: 30,000 instances fell below 10 FPS in Debug.
[26-05-24] GPU Compute TRS — 500,000 Cube in release mode
Milestone: Deferred Rendering Completed
Full deferred pipeline operational: GBuffer fill (geometry pass) → per-light shading (lighting pass).
[26-05-21] Deferred Rendering — full pipeline demo
[26-05-21] GBuffer — Albedo / Normal / Position
| Albedo | Normal | Position |
|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
Milestone: Core Framework & Basic Rendering Completed
Core backbone, asset parsers, and foundational RHI rendering pipeline.
[26-04-17] MeshBatch Instancing with Normal Mapping
[26-04-18] Base camera system
| System | Status |
|---|---|
| ECS (Entity, Component, Node, System) | ✅ Complete |
| Memory (allocators, smart pointers) | ✅ Complete |
| Runtime Reflection | ✅ Complete |
| Container (Vector, HashMap, HashSet) | ✅ Complete |
| World / Commander / Scene | ✅ Complete |
| Worker System + FrameGate | ✅ Complete |
| RHI Layer (OpenGL 4.5, WGL) | ✅ Complete |
| RHI Command List + Triple Buffering | ✅ Complete |
| SceneProxy / LightProxy / MaterialProxy | ✅ Complete |
| MeshBatch Instancing (1M instances ~22 FPS Debug) | ✅ Complete |
| RenderGraph / RenderPass hierarchy | ✅ Complete |
| TransformPass (GPU TRS, 500k @ 20 FPS Release) | ✅ Complete |
| GeometryPass (GBuffer fill) | ✅ Complete |
| LightingPass — Directional Light (Phong) | ✅ Complete |
| LightingPass — Point Light (Phong + attenuation) | ✅ Complete |
| LightingPass — Spot Light (angular + distance attenuation) | ✅ Complete |
| GBuffer Phong (tGPhong UInt bit packing) | ✅ Complete |
| UInt Texture / usampler2D support | ✅ Complete |
| Asset System (OBJ, MTL, Async pipeline) | ✅ Complete |
| CullingPass (GPU frustum culling) | 🚧 Stub |
| Shadow Map | 🚧 Planned |
| Point Light: Incident Direction Artifact | 🐛 Known Issue |
| GC (Mark & Sweep) full integration | 🚧 In progress |
| DirectX 11 / 12 RHI backend | 🚧 Planned |
| Physics integration | 🚧 Planned |
Requirements: Windows 10/11 (64-bit), MSVC (VS 2019+), C++17, CMake 3.15+
git clone --recursive https://github.com/Winteradio/Game-Engine.git
cd Game-Engine
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build . --config Release| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Language | C++17 |
| Graphics API | OpenGL 4.5 Core Profile |
| Windowing | WGL (Win32 API) |
| Math | GLM 1.0.1 |
| Build | CMake 3.15+ |
| Platform | Windows 10/11 |
| Mesh | Source |
|---|---|
| Dragon | Stanford 3D Scanning Repository |
| Sphere | melfm / openGL-shading-texture |
| Cube | Unknown |
MIT License