[To dev/1.3] Fix flaky concurrent queue and WAL tests (#18246)

[Caideyipi]

Description

Backport

Backport 8e5e850 (#18246) to dev/1.3.

Changes

• Replace unbounded polling threads and fixed sleeps in concurrency tests with bounded executor tasks and latches.
• Propagate worker failures through futures and shut down local executors in finally blocks.
• Replace preemptive WAL test timeouts with bounded future waits that allow worker cleanup.
• Adapt the WAL writes to the API used by dev/1.3.

Tests

• mvn spotless:apply -pl iotdb-core/datanode,iotdb-core/node-commons
• mvn -Ddevelocity.off=true test -pl iotdb-core/node-commons -Dtest=ConcurrentIterableLinkedQueueTest (24 tests passed)
• mvn -Ddevelocity.off=true test -pl iotdb-core/datanode -Dtest=WALNodeWaitForRollFileTest (6 tests passed)

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This PR has:

• been self-reviewed.
• added or modified unit tests to cover the changed path.