Stage 0: Operators + Java Fundamentals

src/config/sidebarConfig.ts

@@ -65,6 +65,18 @@ export const sidebarSections: Record<string, SidebarSection[]> = {
     },
   ],
 
+    // Intro To Java section
+  '/intro-to-java': [
+    {
+      label: 'Intro to Java',
+      items: [
+        { label: 'Stage Overview', slug: 'intro-to-java/stage-overview' },
+        { label: 'Java Fundamentals', slug: 'intro-to-java/java-fundamentals' },
+        { label: 'Operators', slug: 'intro-to-java/operators' },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+
   // Resources section (content lives at /resources but navbar says "Other Resources")
   // '/resources': [
   //   {

src/content/docs/index.mdx

@@ -17,6 +17,18 @@ hero:
 import HomeCard from '../../components/HomeCard.astro';
 
 <div class="home-cards-grid">
+  <HomeCard
+    title="Getting Started"
+    href="/getting-started/intro-to-prog"
+    icon="check"
+    description="Everything you need to know to get started coding."
+  />
+    <HomeCard
+    title="Intro to Java"
+    href="/intro-to-java/stage-overview"
+    icon="book"
+    description="Goes over the basics of Java that is needed for FRC programming"
+  />
   <HomeCard
     title="Website Feature Guide"
     href="/feature-guide/"
@@ -29,10 +41,4 @@ import HomeCard from '../../components/HomeCard.astro';
     icon="wrench"
     description="Help contribute! Since FRCSoftware.org is in such an early stage right now, we are in need of contributors."
   />
-  <HomeCard
-    title="Getting Started"
-    href="/getting-started/intro-to-prog"
-    icon="check"
-    description="Everything you need to know to get started coding."
-  />
 </div>

src/content/docs/intro-to-java/java-fundamentals.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+---
+title: Java Fundamentals
+description: An Intro to print statements and variables
+prev: intro-to-java/java-fundamentals
+next: intro-to-java/operators
+---
+import Aside from '../../../components/Aside.astro';
+import ContentFigure from '../../../components/ContentFigure.astro';
+
+## Syntax
+As you start programming, you will probably a mistake and write a line of code incorrectly. When that happens, your code will have a red line under it. This is because Java has rules called syntax. Syntax is a set of rules that have to be followed so that the computer can understand and run your code. It’s important to pay attention to the syntax!
+If your code has a red line under it, first check whether the syntax is correct. This can be done by researching online or by comparing your code with examples. 
+
+You can also learn what’s wrong with your code when you put the cursor over the section of the code with the red line and read what the error message is.
+Error messages will not tell you exactly what's wrong with your code. If you’re unsure on what the error message means, you can look it up to get additional context. 
+
+<ContentFigure src="/java-fundamentals/ErrorExample1.png" />
+<ContentFigure src="/java-fundamentals/ErrorExample2.png" />
+
+## Variables 
+Variables are containers that are used to store information in a program. This could be a variable that holds the temperature or a variable that holds the speed of the motor. 
+
+The syntax of a variable is has following:
+```java
+Datatype name = value;
+```
+Data types refer to the type of value that our variable has. It helps tell our program more information about our variables such as what type of information it holds and how it can be used. 
+Data types can include numbers, characters or a string of words. Some examples of data types that are commonly used in FRC programming are:
+* Int: integers, or whole numbers, that are positive or negative. Example: 12
+* Double: Double: numbers that are positive or negative. Unlike int, double allows numbers with or without decimals. Example: 34.1
+* Boolean: either True or False.
+* String: holds a sequence of characters. Example: “Hello World”
+* Char: holds a Single character. Example: 'A'
+
+The name of your variable can be whatever you want but there are rules with variable names. The name of a variable can not include spaces. Instead, you can write variables with camel case (frontLeftDrive) and snake case (front_Left_Drive).
+Variable names can not start with a number. However, they can have a number anywhere expect the state. 
+
+All programming languages have keywords. A keyword is a reserved word that the compiler uses to run the code. Some examples of keywords are `int`, `string`, `print`, and `if`. Due to the fact that the compiler needs keywords, this means that they can't be used as a variable name.
+`boolean if = false;` will throw an error since `if` is a keyword. However, `boolean if_green = false;` will because `if_green` is not a keyword.
+
+In general, your variable name should be easy to read and make sense to others who may be reading your code. 
+
+
+<Aside type="note">
+Java is a case-sensitive programming language! This means that uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as being two different things. For example: MotorID is different from motorID. Even though it’s spelled the same, if your variable name is MotorID then you try to reference it again but spell it as motorID, Java will see the two as different, and your code will get an error. 
+</Aside>
+
+In Java, semi-colons (;) are similar to a period in a sentence. It is what tells the compiler when a line of code ends. Semi-colons are used commonly in programming and aren’t only for creating variables. We will see more examples of this later in the course. 
+
+In FRC, variables can be used to hold information about the robot and its different mechanisms. The example below shows 3 variables that were used for a climber mechanism, CLIMBER_ID is an integer that holds the motor controller ID number which is 51. UP_POSITION is a double that holds the value -33.5 and DOWN_POSITION is a double that holds the value 0.
+```java
+double UP_POSITION = -33.5;
+double DOWN_POSITION = 0;
+```
+
+
+## Print statements
+When programming, it can be useful to display information to the user.
+In Java, we can print information to a terminal using a print statement. A print statement in Java looks like:
+```java  
+System.out.println(“hello!”);
+```
+Print statements print data to the console, a text-only message log. The console can be viewed on the driver station, or in VSCode
+```java  
+int number = 4;
+System.out.println(number); // prints out the value 4
+```
+<Aside type="note">
+In Java, `print` prints on the same line. `println` will print on a new line. `println` is commonly used since it makes printing to a screen easier to read.
+</Aside>
+
+
+## Comments
+When programming, we use comments to write notes that explain what the code does. This helps make the code more readable for others because if they are unsure of what your code does, they can read your comments. Comments are not run by the compiler, which also means that you can use comments to prevent code from running. 
+In Java, there are two types of comments. Single-line Comments and Multi-line Comments.
+
+### Single-line Comments
+Single-line comments start with // . For example, the code below leaves a note of “this prints out Hello World. 
+```java
+// This prints Hello World
+System.out.print("Hello World");
+```
+You will also see comments placed at the end of code like the following
+```java
+System.out.print("Hello World"); // This prints Hello World
+```
+Both examples accomplish the same tasks and there is no difference. If you put your comments above or next to code is up to you and what makes the most sense for your code. 
+
+### Multi-line Comments
+Multi-line Comments start with /* and end with */ The text or code that is in between the two will turn into comments. Multi-line Comments are commonly used when you have many lines of text or need to turn a large amount of code into a comment. 
+For example, this is a comment with two lines of text
+```java
+/* This prints Hello World
+This is another line */
+System.out.print("Hello World");
+```